Some enemies can still use an ability despite not equipping the required gear. However, this only applies to the player and most enemies, while a number of enemies are excepted. In order to use a Shadow Ability, a piece of gear that carries the ability must be equipped. Normally, Shadow Ability cannot deal Head Hits or Critical Hits (with some exceptions).
It also can stop the Legion's 'temporary uninterruption' interval.
Shadow Ability cannot be blocked but may be dodged.